Motility disorder
- Achalasia
- Diffuse esophageal spasm
- Systemic sclerosis
- Eosinophilic esophagitis
Mechanical obstruction
- Peptic stricture
- Esophageal cancer
- Lower esophageal rings
- Extrinsic compression (eg, from enlarged L atrium, aortic aneurysm, aberrant subclavian artery [termed dysphagia lusoria], substernal thyroid, cervical bony exostosis, and thoracic tumor)
- Caustic ingestion
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